Following the transformation of man’s attitude during the last few centuries, various perceptions have been given about the ‘comprehensiveness’ of religion. Three groups of scholars have offered three types of evaluations in this context. Two groups have taken extreme positions with one of them claiming that religion has all the answers to all the questions including the detailed ones and another maintaining that religion only deals with issues related to the Hereafter. According to the third group, the comprehensiveness of religion needs to be evaluated considering the goal and mission of religion. The present paper offers a criticism of the first two views and rejects them and substantiates the third view drawing on logical and narrative reasoning.

The problem that there are relations between moral values and aesthetic values is a most important concern of the philosophy of art today. In the other words, the question is whether ethical criticism relates to aesthetic criticism. In response to this question, three positions have been adopted, among which the position of Moderate advocates seems acceptable. Moderate advocates agree that there are relations between moral values and aesthetic values, but disagree on how they relate to each other. They believe that moral virtue/vice and aesthetic merit/demerit are related to each other in several ways. Here, it can be found, at least, four important views worth speaking of: (1) sometimes a moral virtue in a work of art becomes an aesthetic merit in it, (2) sometimes a moral vice in a work of art becomes an aesthetic demerit in it, (3) sometimes a moral vice in a work of art results in an aesthetic merit in it, and (4) sometimes an aesthetic merit in a work of art results in a moral virtue.

As there are different viewpoints about the evaluation of artistic works, and because the use of the term "responsible art" (honar-e-mota' ahhed) has become widespread only since a few years ago and sometimes it is used out of place and in-elegantly, so producing some rules and principles for the evaluation of artistic work which could be acceptable for most of the art critics seems necessary. These rules and principles can guide the seekers of pure Islamic art in their way. So in order to achieve this important goal, first the differences between subject & positions and their place-which are the bases of an artistic work creation - should be clarified. With reliance on this knowledge, it will be possible to determine these rules and principles.

Twenty years after the establishment of constitutional government in Iran and simultaneously with head minister of Reza khan we can see the being discussion about establishment of republic government in Iran. The autocratic power loss of Qajar kings after establishment the constitutional regime played an important role in this field. By limiting the king's powers, the Qajar governors lacked the necessary power for suppression of opinions and ideas of political repression. Weakness of the Qajar kings reached a peak at the Ahmad Shah period.At this period strong organizational of Raeis-al-vozaraei of Reza khan emerged besides the demise of the monarchy. This new organization followed to convert Iran to republical regime at that point. Some of religiouses disagreed with republic regime with religious reasons. Because they knew equivalent republicational system with secularism. Such uncertainty (doubts) when it was created in the clergy's thought that neighboring country (Turkey) regime established and were figure secularism symbols.This paper sought to answer of main question with descriptive and analytical method. The main question is: how did the clergy reaction against republicational of Reza khan? The next question is: what issues were dissension between Reza khan and Saied Hassan Modarres?Based on our assumption, the refugee clergys were uncertainty their situation in Najaf because of Faisal government which proteged by Great Britain. They wanted to maintain Reza khan power as a protector in Iran Shiites. But some of clergys whom led by Modarres were dashed Reza khan plans and caused failure republicational schedume.The second hypothesis will: the main conflict between Modarres and Reza khan on new regime illegitimacy based on constitutional law-military regime of Qazaghs (Cossack) was inconsistent with constitutional law and constitutional regime and republicational was not based on will of the people.

Methods: In 2018, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 21 participants (male = 11) with an age range of 19–25 years. Having emmetropia and 10/10 visual acuity in both eyes were conditions of the inclusion criteria for the crosssectional study. The following aspects of binocular function including amplitude of accommodation (AA), near point of convergence, near phoria, and monocular accommodative facility were evaluated in five gazes (primary, upward, downward, left, and right) for all subjects. Results: Near point of convergence values showed significant differences in all gaze positions (P < 0. 001). The lowest near point of convergence value was seen in the primary gaze (2. 69 cm) and the downward gaze (3. 47 cm) and the highest near point of convergence value was seen in the left gaze (7. 5 cm). There was also a significant difference in the amplitude of accommodation among the upward, downward, and the primary gaze (P < 0. 001) positions but no difference was observed among the temporal, nasal, and the primary gaze positions. There was a significant difference in near phoria between the upward gaze and the primary gaze (P = 0. 008) while no significant differences were observed among the other gazes. There was no significant variance in the monocular accommodative facility among the different gaze positions (P = 0. 175). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated variations that exist in the convergence and accommodation reflex functions in multiple gaze positions, which proved to be more prominent in the convergence system. Although the accommodative sufficiency evaluation was inconsistent among the multiple gaze positions, the accommodative facility evaluation was consistent in all gazes.

Subject successor of the Prophet to be the most important event after the death of the Prophet (pbuh) said. I f the way that the Prophet wanted to go forward with the changes during the course of his mission, and it was a great effort for the Arab League to make it far values ignorant, tribal, A deep and fundamental change was achieved. But after the death of his traditions was clearly ignorant and prevent this from happening again, and the succession of the Prophet, had the left side. During Sqyfh Ansarvmhajryn some of the local children called Sadh Sqyfh the canopy belonging to the Ansar came round to take Pyambrtsmym succession. The meeting was called to Sqyfh Council was formed but did not attend any of the Bani Hashim, the Prophet’s burial were busy. Then Sqyfh and pick up some Abu Bakr and his regret Some did homage to him, and he rose up against a number of opponents, supporters of Ali (AS) patients. Although other work in this area has been But a new study from Sunni sources Vshyh and especially during the sermon could be debates between historians dispute nahj is to open a new chapter.

Women’s Management has had remarkable success in the organizations of other countries. But the general tendency in most of our governmental organizations is to appoint male managers. It seems the reason of this is due to gender rather than and ability. In order to find the reasons for this attitude, different viewpoints have been presented. The theory of the natural system believes that the informal relation of power determines organizational behavior. Also Hillman, Bas, Scott, Shefritz and Hid believe that the social status quo and clichéd causes for fewer women assuming management positions have had important roles. The present research is of the survey research kind. It seeks to answer the following question: Despite the fact that in recent years, many tangible achievements have occurred in the field of education and women’s social participation in our country, why is that women have not been able to secure a considerable share of managerial positions of administrative power for themselves. To respond to this question, factors related to the organizational culture, attitudes of male managers towards women and managerial skills of women have been studied. The results of the research show that organizational cultures have brought about fewer women in managerial positions of the government. Also male managers do not have a positive attitude towards the managerial capabilities of women. In addition, whereas there is no meaningful difference between intellectual skills of women and men, there is a meaningful difference between human skills of female and male managers

Arabs’ silence regarding normalization of ties with the Zionist adversary could be a provocative for many individuals as the rulers of some Arab countries who hastily proceeded to normalization represent neither their own people nor even some other Arab rulers. This research addresses the origin of issue of Palestine, the inception of the idea of forming a state for Jews in holding the first Zionist conference which was the opening meeting of Zionists on August 29, 1897 in Swiss Basel by the initiative of Theodor Herzl, how Herzl promoted the idea of founding a state for Jewish people in Palestine and initiated an immigration of Jews to the Palestinian territory followed by Balfour Declaration on November 2, 1917 and forming a state for the Jewish people with the approval of the British government. In 20s and 30s, Arab countries who were seeking independence could not stop the Balfour Declaration by the British government as the ruler of the Palestine territories under a mandate. The British granted what it didn’ t possess to those who didn’ t deserve it. Arab countries were then after forming small states for their tribes or families free of influence of any strategic thought in the Arabic unity that could impose its decisions. WWII further provoked divisions and rifts among such countries. French and English rulers of such countries as well as their Italian counterparts in countries like Libya were replaced with a fresh batch of rulers from US or USSR to directly act as their proxies or their representatives. Later, these rulers went on to plant what late Imam Khomeini (may God bless his soul) a cancerous tumor in the region to be leveraged, in time of need and wish, as their military arm to punish who dare to step out of the US prescribed lines. In 70s and 80s, following the Suez Canal war and the exclusion of Britain and France from world equations, Arab countries faced a duopoly of US-USSR. Even consecutive wars such as 1948 war (Nakba ), 1967 war (Naksa ) and Ramadan War of 1973 during which Syrian and Egyptian armies achieved heroic feats could not bring Arab unity. As a consequence of the last war, Egypt and Syria drifted apart when the latter remained steadfast on its belief while the former chose compromise. Arabs focused on the issue of Palestine from the very issue of “ Balfour Declaration” in 1917 with individual and collective movements to support the Palestinian nation. Hundreds of Arab youths voluntarily joined the Palestine Arab revolution in 1936 with the help of some Arab countries. This revolution marked the start of the importance of issue of Palestine for all Arabs. However, some then Arab rulers submitted to the humiliation of British pressures and stopped their revolutionary youths from their movements and struggles. They resorted to negotiations with the British and led the foundation for dividing Palestine territory between a Jewish state and a Palestinian state through “ Bale” Committee which was a British design. In contrast, the Zionist scheme was reliant on immigration of Jews, development of settlements and maximum expansion using their great force to occupy lands, bringing their enemies to their knees as well as the strategy of aggression and war. The vast influx of Jews to Palestine led to expulsion, forced immigration and displacement of Palestinians. Those who remained behind faced armed Zionist mobs. Upon the British announcement of terminating its mandate over Palestine and forming the occupying state of Israel in Palestinian territories on May 15, 1948, Arab states convened an Arab League meeting to adopt decisive decisions to counter Israel’ s rebellious behaviors. Such decision include complete boycott of Israel in all fields, conclusion of Arab Joint Defense Agreement and economic cooperation among all Arab countries in April 1950 in response to developments and the evolving situation of Palestine. Later, the June 5, 1967 disaster unfolded to further aggravate the pain and sufferings of Arabs inflicted by Zionist occupation. Israel’ s direct hostility was not just limited to Palestinian people. It expanded to some other Arab countries with Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon at the brunt of such attacks. The research pursues the issue by looking into movements of Arab countries against the Zionist regime, inception of popular resistance campaigns of Palestinians in Lebanon, the first Intifada or rock intifada in 1987, the second Intifada or Alaqsa intifada in 2000, Egypt-Israel Peace Accords (Camp David Accords) in 1979, victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 led by late Imam Khomeini, Iran’ s open commitment to directly support the Palestine Cause and opening of Palestine diplomatic mission in Tehran that bought a change in the Zionist regime’ s military-security strategy. The paper also addresses the about-face in Arab states’ position towards Israel from “ wiping out Israel from the map” to “ accession of the Zionist regime to Arab League” , Oslo Accords conclusion between PLO and Israel, the Israel– Jordan peace treaty in 1994 (Wadi Araba Treaty), Arab Peace Initiative in Arab Summit in Beirut in 2002, proposal of entering in full peace with Israel on the condition of withdrawal of Israel to pre-June 1967 borders, formation of state of Palestine with Bayt al-Maqdis as the capital, other proposals to recognize the Occupying Regime, encouraging other Arab states to make peace with Israel and normalize their ties with the latter and most recently normalization of ties with the Zionist Regime by some Arab countries including UAE, Bahrain and Sudan as well as their peace and normalization agreements. Armed conflicts of Resistance Forces with the Zionist Regime such as barbaric invasion of south of Lebanon by Israel in 2006 during which Lebanese Resistance forces displayed great courage and authority in fighting the Zionists. Great Middle East and New Middle East projects were tabled through creation of rifts among Arabs, inciting riots and chaos in countries opposing normalization of ties with Israeli regime, creation of an illusory adversary and pointing the compass of hostility to Israel towards Iran. US president Donald Trump proposed the so-called Deal of Century, recognized Bayt al-Maqdis as the capital of Israel and relocated US embassy to this city to commit the biggest transgression upon the Arabs and Palestinians. Contrary to expectations, Arab states remained passive to mark the collapse of Arabs’ position. This was followed by quick steps of certain Arab states to normalize their ties with Israel. Meanwhile, the Arab League withdrew its supports of Palestine Cause due to outbreak of disagreements among its members and loss of independence to countries that dismissed the issue of Palestine was at the center of its agenda. Although the wave of normalizing the ties has been formally announced, nations still keep staging demonstrations and protest rallies to voice their opposition to this idea. In conclusion, the author talks about the opposition of Arab nations to normalization of ties with Israel as their enemy no. 1, their belief that Palestine is still their first priority, that Resistance Movements should always oppose normalization and the fact that years after conclusion of peace accords between Egypt and Jordan, the peoples in such countries still oppose any normalization with an aggressor. The author also talks about other actors in Palestine in Resistance Axis. He acknowledges that Resistance forces have both the ability and rich experience to counter the normalization trend as they don’ t share the strategic interests of countries that normalized their ties with the Occupying regime and the fact that such forces are really concerned about increased dominance of Israel over regional Arab countries. Conclusion: What we need today is not condemning those countries who signed normalization agreements with the Zionist regime as “ wounding a dead body does not hurt” . These countries have shown their true colors. Instead, what is desirable is strengthening forces who oppose this Israeli-US scheme as the supporters of such forces. This support does not have to be in a military sense. It rather should take the form of idea of resistance and developing an integrated vision of the Resistance, albeit with differences in tactical implementation methodologies. Furthermore, the resistance should be involved in every sphere in which the Zionist regime has infiltrated through splashy projects to inject its poison such as education, media, economy, investment project or any other undertaking that could openly compromise the integrity of the society. The author asks this question as his closing remarks: the question is not which Arab states are with Palestine. Rather, who Palestine is with?

This study, prompted by a critical incident within the language classroom, is based on Darvin and Norton's (2015a) model of investment and an analysis of narratives of two Iranian EFL learners with different levels of investment in their language learning. The findings revealed that success in and continuity of language learning in different phases of participants' lives depended not only on their investment in language learning but also on their willingness to learn the language and motivation for it. Furthermore, emotional and temporal kinds of capital were found significant in determining participants' success or failure in language learning. Additionally, the concept of demotivation was proved inadequate for explaining one of the participants' loss of motivation for language learning over a particular period of time. Finally, a model was designed concerning the interactive effects of willingness to learn, motivation, and investment in applied linguistics.

Background: Peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) is a reliable and safe method of central venous catheterization. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the operation techniques of PICC catheterization in special positions. Methods: From January 2015 to August 2020, 52 cases in special positions were successfully catheterized and divided into four types. The characteristics of body positions, the principle of position placement and sterile sheet laying, the position of the operator, the evaluation before the catheterization, the preparation of related equipment for the catheterization, and the technical points of the catheterization operation were analyzed among these four types. Results: By adopting different techniques (patient position placement, disinfection, sterile sheet laying, operator location, and operation key points) according to different patient positions, PICC catheters were successfully inserted in 52 patients. Conclusion: When PICC catheterization objects cannot be placed in conventional positions, an individualized analysis should be carried out. According to the characteristics of their positions, special evaluation, position placement, disinfection and draping, and the preparation of special equipment to assist individualized catheterization operations should be carried out.